Is Sola Scriptura self-defeating? At first glance, the argument seems airtight. If all doctrine must come from Scripture, where does Scripture teach that? But this objection only works if Sola Scriptura is misunderstood. This article redefines the principle, exposes the category error, and shows how Scripture’s authority, sufficiency, and use reveal it as the final standard for truth.

Is apostolic succession a reliable guarantee of truth? In this in-depth theological analysis, we examine the argument of Irenaeus of Lyons against Gnosticism and ask a deeper question: was his reasoning biblical or simply effective? By engaging primary sources, testing his claims against Scripture, and exploring modern parallels, this article challenges readers to rethink how truth is preserved in the church. Rather than grounding authority in a chain of succession, this stud