Polemics

Is apostolic succession a reliable guarantee of truth? In this in-depth theological analysis, we examine the argument of Irenaeus of Lyons against Gnosticism and ask a deeper question: was his reasoning biblical or simply effective? By engaging primary sources, testing his claims against Scripture, and exploring modern parallels, this article challenges readers to rethink how truth is preserved in the church. Rather than grounding authority in a chain of succession, this stud